A Level Chemistry Home Tutors in DHA Islamabad for Cambridge Students

At equilibrium, concentrations of reactants and products stay constant — but molecules still react. Forward and reverse rates are equal, so there is no net change.

Consequences

• Adding a reactant shifts the system to consume some of it (Le Chatelier)
• A closed system is assumed for classic equilibrium arguments
• Catalysts speed both directions equally; they do not change the equilibrium position

Writing a double arrow ⇌ is a reminder that both processes continue.

A Level Chemistry tuition in DHA Islamabad can use concentration–time graphs that flatten while particles keep exchanging.